To communicate (correctly) in the polish language, one must use the correct case for both the noun and adjective. (Verbs on the other hand must be matched to the correct aspect which can be read about in a future lesson)
Look at how the Noun: Dog (pies) and he Adjective: good(dobre) changes with each of the following cases
Nominative
The nominative case is used for the subject of the sentence
Example:
English | Polish | ||
SIngular | The good dog jumps | Dobry pies skacze | |
Plural | The good dogs jump | Dobre Psy Skaczą |
English: This is a good dog To jest dobry pies
These are good dogs to są dobre psy
Accusative(Biernik)
What the object does an action
Example
Genative(dopełniaz)
The genitive case is used to express negation or ownership
English: I have a good dog Mam dobrego psa
I have good dogs Mam dobre psy
Instrumental(narzędnik)
Used with the preposition z
English: I am a good dog with black fur jestem dobrym psem z czarnym futrem
Good dogs with black fur dobre psy z czarnym futrem
Dative(Celownik)
Use with certain verbs
English: I help the good dog Pomagam dobremu psu
I help the good dogs pomagam dobrym psom
Locative (miejscownik)
Where the thing is
The good dog is on the table dobry pies jest na stole
The good dogs are on the table dobre psy są na stole
Vocative
Rarely used
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